Сөйләшүчеләр саны буенча телләр исемлеге
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[үзгәртү] Беренчел тел буларак кулланылган төп 10 иң күп кулланылган телләр[1]
| 1. Кытай/Мандарин (845 миллион) |
| 2. Испан (329 миллион) |
| 3. Инглиз (328 миллион) |
| 4. Гарәп (221 миллион) |
| 5. Португал (220 миллион) |
| 6. Хинди/Урду (182 миллион) |
| 7. Бенгали (181 миллион) |
| 8. Рус (144 миллион) |
| 9. Япон (122 миллион) |
| 10. Алман (90.3 миллион) |
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[үзгәртү] Туган теле дәрәҗәсендә сөйләшүчеләр саны 10 миллионнан артык булган телләр
2009 елда чыккан Encarta энциклопедиясе мәгълүматлары буенча төзелгән телләр исемлеге. Критерий — телне туган тел дип санаучыларның якынча саны (10 миллион кешедән күбрәк сөйләшкән телләр).
| № | Тел | Туган тел (млн кеше) Encarta экспертлары фикеренчә[2] |
Географик куллану даирәсе | Үз-исем (язу үрнәге) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Кытай | 1 212 560 000 | Кытай, Тайвань, Сингапур, Малайзия | 中文, 汉语 |
| 2 | Гарәп | 422 039 637 | Якын көнчыгыш, Төньяк Африка, Занзибар | العربية |
| 3 | Һинд | 366 000 000 | Һиндстан | हिन्दी |
| 4 | Инглиз | 341 000 000 | Бөекбритания, АКШ, Канада, Австралия, Яңа Зеландия, Ирландия, Үзәк Африка, Көньяк Африка | English |
| 5 | Испан | 322 200 000 | Испания, Көньяк Америка, Үзәк Америка | Español, Castellano |
| 6 | Бенгаль | 207 000 000 | Һиндстан, Бангладеш | বাংলা Bāṇlā |
| 7 | Португаль | 176 000 000 | Португалия, Ангола, Бразилия, Гвинея-Бисау, Кабо-Верде, Мозамбик, Сан-Томе һәм Принсипи, Көнчыгыш Тимор, Макао | Português |
| 8 | Рус | 167 000 000 | Русия, Элекке СССР җөмһүриятләре һәм кайбер ерак чит илләре | Русский язык |
| 9 | Япон | 125 000 000 | Япония | 日本語 |
| 10 | Алман | 100 130 000 | Алмания, Австрия, Швейцария, Люксембург, Лихтенштейн | Deutsch |
| 11 | Француз | 78 000 000 | Франция, тагын 28 илдә рәсми статус | Français |
| 12 | Корейча | 78 000 000 | Көньяк Корея, КХДҖ, Кытай, АКШ, Япония | 한국어, 조선말 |
| 13 | Яван | 75 567 550 | Индонезия | Basa Jawa, Basa Jawi |
| 14 | Телугу | 69 666 000 | Һиндстан | తెలుగు |
| 15 | Маратхи | 68 022 000 | Һиндстан | मराठी |
| 16 | Вьетнам | 68 000 000 | Вьетнам, АКШ, Камбоджа, Франция | Tiếng Việt |
| 17 | Тамиль | 66 000 000 | Һиндстан, Шри-Ланка, Сингапур, Малайзия | தமிழ் |
| 18 | Итальян | 62 000 000 | Италия | Italiano |
| 19 | Төрек | 61 000 000 | Төркия | Türk dili (Türkçe) |
| 20 | Урду | 60 290 000 | Һиндстан, Пакьстан | اردو, Urdu |
| 21 | Пенджаб | 57 129 000 | Пакьстан | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی |
| 22 | Украин | 47 000 000 | Украина | Українська мова |
| 23 | Гуджарати | 46 100 000 | Һиндстан | ગુજરાતી |
| 24 | Тай | 46 050 000 | Таиланд | ภาษาไทย |
| 25 | Поляк | 44 000 000 | Польша, Литва, Беларусия, Украина | język polski, polszczyzna |
| 26 | Малаялам | 35 706 000 | Һиндстан | മലയാളം |
| 27 | Каннада | 35 346 000 | Һиндстан | ಕನ್ನಡ |
| 28 | Ория | 32 300 000 | Һиндстан | ଓଡ଼ିଆ |
| 29 | Бирман | 32 250 000 | Мьянма (Бирма) | ဗမာစာ |
| 30 | Азәрбайҗан | 31 423 000 | Азәрбайҗан, Иран, Русия | Azərbaycan dili, آذربايجان ديلی
Azərbaycan-türkcəsi, Azəri dili, Türki, Türki azəri, Азәрбајҹан дили |
| 31 | Фарсы | 31 280 000 | Иран | فارسی |
| 32 | Сундан | 27 000 000 | Индонезия | Basa Sunda |
| 33 | Пушту | 26 811 657 | Әфганстан | ښتو |
| 34 | Румын | 26 265 555 | Румыния | Limba română |
| 35 | Бходжпури | 26 254 000 | Һиндстан | भोजपुरी |
| 36 | Хауса | 24 200 000 | Көнбатыш Африка | Hausa / هَوُس (до 1930-х годов) |
| 37 | Майтхили | 24 191 900 | Һиндстан | मैथिली |
| 38 | Малай | 23 576 500 | Малайзия | Bahasa Melayu |
| 39 | Серб-хорват | 21 000 000 | элекке Югославия (Словения һәм Македониядан тыш) | Српскохрватски језик |
| 40 | Авадхи | 20 540 000 | Һиндстан | अवधी |
| 41 | Үзбәк | 20 051 000 | Үзбәкстан | O‘zbek tili, Ўзбек тили, ئۇزبېك تیلى |
| 42 | Йоруба | 20 000 000 | Нигерия | Yorùbá |
| 43 | Нидерланд | 20 000 000 | Нидерландлар, Бельгия (төньяк) | Nederlands |
| 44 | Синдхи | 19 720 000 | Пакьстан | सिन्धी / سنڌي |
| 45 | Игбо | 18 000 000 | Нигерия | Igbo |
| 46 | Амхар | 17 413 000 | Эфиопия | አማርኛ |
| 47 | Оромо | 17 232 000 | Эфиопия | Afaan Oromoo |
| 48 | Индонезия | 17 070 000 | Индонезия | Bahasa Indonesia |
| 49 | Тагал | 17 000 000 | Филиппиннар | Tagalog |
| 50 | Непал | 16 056 000 | Непал | नेपाली |
| 51 | Ассам | 15 374 000 | Һиндстан | অসমিয়া |
| 52 | Сараики | 15 059 000 | Пакьстан | سرائیکی, ਸਰਾਇਕੀ, सराइकी |
| 53 | Себуан | 15 000 000 | Филиппиннар | Sugboanon |
| 54 | Маҗар | 14 500 000 | Венгрия | Magyar nyelv |
| 55 | Читтагонг | 14 000 000 | Бангладеш | চাটগাঁইয়া বুলি |
| 56 | Чжуан | 14 000 000 | Кытай | Sawcuengh |
| 57 | Шона | 14 000 000 | Зимбабве | Shona (chiShona) |
| 58 | Мадур | 13 694 000 | Индонезия | Basa Mathura |
| 59 | Сингхала | 13 220 000 | Шри-Ланка | සිංහල |
| 60 | Марвари | 13 183 000 | Һиндстан | मारवाड़ी |
| 61 | Магахи | 13 000 000 | Һиндстан | मगही |
| 62 | Харьянви | 13 000 000 | Һиндстан | हरियाणवी |
| 63 | Грек | 12 000 000 | Греция, Кипр | Ελληνικά |
| 64 | Чех | 12 000 000 | Чехия | Čeština, Česky |
| 65 | Чхаттисгархи | 11 535 000 | Һиндстан | छत्तिसगढ़ी |
| 66 | Фула | 11 428 700 | Көнбатыш Африка | Pulaar, Fulfulde |
| 67 | Деканс | 10 709 800 | Һиндстан | |
| 68 | Малагаси | 10 484 000 | Мадагаскар | Malagasy |
| 69 | Беларус | 10 200 000 | Беларусия, Литва, Польша | Беларуская мова |
[үзгәртү] Туган теле дәрәҗәсендә сөйләшүчеләр саны 5 белән 10 миллион тирәсе булган телләр
| Language | Family | Native[3] | Total | Other estimates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czech | Indo-European, Slavic | 9.5 million (2001) | — | 15 million Czech-Slovak |
| Kanauji | Indo-European, Indic | 9.5 million (2001) | — | Generally considered Hindi |
| Bulgarian | Indo-European, Slavic | 9.1 million (1986) | — | |
| Min Dong (Fuzhou) |
Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 8.6 million (2000) | — | |
| Lombard | Indo-European, Romance | 9.1 million (2000) | — | |
| Uyghur | Turkic, Uyghur | 8.9 million (2000) | — | |
| Chewa (Nyanja) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | 8.7 million (2001) | — | |
| Belarusian | Indo-European, Slavic | 8.6 million (2001) | — | |
| Kazakh | Turkic, Kypchak | 8.3 million (1979) | — | |
| Swedish | Indo-European, Germanic | 8.3 million (1998) | — | |
| Akan (Twi, Fante) |
Niger–Congo, Kwa | 8.3 million | 9.3 million | 10 million native, ≈20 million total [4] |
| Makuwa (Lomwe) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | 8.0 million (2006) (incl. Lomwe/West Makua) |
— | |
| Tatar-Bashkir | Turkic, Kypchak | 7.9 million (2002) | — | |
| Bagheli | Indo-European, Indic | 7.9 million (2004) | — | Generally considered Hindi |
| Xhosa | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 7.8 million (2006) | — | |
| Haitian | French creole | 7.7 million (2001) | — | |
| Konkani | Indo-European, Indic | ca. 7.6 million (2001) | — | |
| Albanian | Indo-European, isolate | 7.5 million (1989–2007) | — | |
| Gikuyu | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 7.2 million (undated) | — | |
| Neapolitan (Calabrese) |
Indo-European, Romance | 7.0 million (1976) | — | |
| Ilokano | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 7.0 million (2000) | — | significant L2 use |
| Balochi | Indo-European, Iranian | 7.0 million (1998) | — | |
| Southern Quechua | Quechuan | 6.9 million (1987–2002) | — | |
| Batak | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 6.8 million (1991–2000) (all varieties) |
— | |
| Turkmen | Turkic, Oghuz | 6.6 million (1995–1997) | — | |
| Mossi-Dagomba | Niger–Congo, Gur | 6.4 million (1991–2003) | — | Does not include Frafra. |
| Armenian | Indo-European, isolate | 6.4 million (?–2001) | — | |
| Sukuma-Nyamwezi | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 6.4 million (2006) | — | |
| Tshiluba (Luba-Kasai) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | 6.3 million (1991) | 7.0 million | |
| Santali | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | 6.2 million (1997) | — | |
| Venetian | Indo-European, Romance | ≈ 6.2 million (2000–2006) | — | Incl. ≈ 4M in Brazil. |
| Kongo | Niger–Congo, Bantu | ≈ 6 million (?–2007) | ≈ 11 million | Figures are only approximate. |
| Hiligaynon | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 5.8 million (2000) | — | Significant L2 use. |
| Tigrinya | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | 5.8 million (1994–2006) | 6.0 million | |
| Mongolian | Mongolic | 5.7 million (1982–1995) | — | Some L2 use. |
| Bhili (Wagdi, etc.) |
Indo-European, Indic | 5.6 million (1998–2007) (all varieties) |
— | |
| Danish | Indo-European, Germanic | 5.6 million (2007) | — | |
| Minangkabau | Austronesian | 5.5 million (2007) | — | |
| Kashmiri | Indo-European, Indic | 5.6 million (undated) | — | data apparently post-2000 |
| Hebrew | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | 5.3 million (1998) | — | Number is L1 use, not nec. native. Significant L2 use. |
| Finnish | Uralic, Finnic | 5.1 million (1993) | — | |
| Slovak | Indo-European, Slavic | 5.0 million (2001) | — | See Czech above. |
| Afrikaans | Indo-European, Germanic | 4.9 million (2006) | 15.2 million | See Dutch above. |
| Guarani | Tupi | 4.9 million (1995) | — |
[үзгәртү] Туган теле дәрәҗәсендә сөйләшүчеләр саны 3 белән 5 миллион арасы булган телләр
| Language | Family | Native[3] | Total | Other estimates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandingo (Maninka) |
Mande | 4.8 million (1986–2006) | — | L2 use. |
| Sicilian | Indo-European, Romance | 4.8 million (2000) | — | |
| Norwegian | Indo-European, Germanic | 4.6 million (no date) | — | 4.7 million (2006, Statistics Norway) |
| Bikol | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 4.6 million (2000) (all varieties) |
— | L2 use. |
| Bambara (Malinke, Jula) |
Mande | ≈ 4.5 million (1990–1995) | — | Widespread as L2, over 10 million |
| Southern Thai | Tai–Kadai, Tai | 4.5 million (2006) | — | |
| Dholuo (Luo proper) |
Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic | 4.4 million (undated) | — | (data apparently after 2000) |
| Georgian | Kartvelian | 4.3 million (1993) | — | |
| Kituba | Kikongo-based creole | 4.2 million (1990) | 5 million | Widely used as L2 |
| Kanuri (Kanembu) |
Nilo-Saharan, Saharan | ≈ 4.2 million (1985–2006) | ≈ 4.8 million | 3 of the 4.2 M is a rough estimate from 1985 |
| Wolof | Niger–Congo, Senegambian | 4.2 million (2006) | — | Significant L2 use. |
| Ganda (Luganda) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | 4.1 million (2002) | ≈ 5 million (1999) | |
| Umbundu (South Mbundu) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | ≈ 4 million (1995) | — | L2 use. |
| Kamba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 4.0 million (undated) | 4.6 million | Data likely after 2000. |
| Dogri (Kangri) |
Indo-European, Indic | 3.8 million (1996–1997) | — | |
| Tsonga | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 3.7 million (2006) | — | |
| Konkani | Indo-European, Indic | 3.6 million Goan Konkani (2000) ≈ 7.6 million all varieties |
— | There is debate over whether Maharashtra Konkani is actually Konkani or Marathi |
| Luyia | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 3.6 million (1989) | — | Scope of language has been changed, but without complete data available. |
| Bemba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 3.6 million (2001) | — | Significant L2 use. |
| Buginese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | ≈ 3.5 million (1991) | ≈ 4 million | |
| Efik (Ibibio–Efik) |
Niger–Congo, Cross River | (≈ 3½ million, 1990–1998) (incl. Anaang) |
(≈ 5½ million) | Ethnologue has rescinded its data for Ibibio. |
| Acehnese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 3.5 million (2000) | — | L2 use. |
| Balinese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 3.3 million (2000) | — | 3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) |
| Mazanderani–Gilaki | Indo-European, Iranian | 3.3 million (1993) | — | |
| Shan | Tai–Kadai, Tai | 3.3 million (2001) | — | |
| Lithuanian | Indo-European, Baltic | 3.2 million (1998) | — | |
| Galician | Indo-European, Romance | 3.2 million (1986) | — | Portuguese and Galician are dialects. |
| Jamaican Creole | English creole | 3.2 million (2001) | — | |
| Shan | Tai–Kadai, Tai | 3.2 million (2001) | — | |
| Ewe | Niger–Congo, Kwa | 3.1 million (1991–2003) | 3.6 million | |
| Piemonteis | Indo-European, Romance | 3.1 million (2000) | — | |
| Kimbundu (North Mbundu) |
Niger–Congo, Bantu | ≈ 3 million (1999) | — | |
| Kyrgyz | Turkic, Kypchak | 2.9 million (1993) | — |
[үзгәртү] Сөйләшүчеләр саны 3 миллионнан күбрәк дип еш әйтелгән телләр
Some languages are widely cited as having more speakers than the sources for this article allow, due to discrepancies in the conception of language. Differences may be due to defining a language along ethnic lines rather than by degree of comprehension (Tibetan, Hmong), large numbers of L2 speakers who use the language on a daily basis (Swahili, Lingala), or a suspected but undocumented number (Chinese Sign Language). Numerous cases where estimates disagree without some such extenuating circumstance are not listed.
| Language | Family | Native | Total | Other estimates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese Sign Language | language isolate | — | — | Perhaps the most populous sign language; number of speakers (signers) unknown. |
| Indo-Pakistani Sign Language | language isolate | 2.7 million in India (2003) | — | Additional speakers (signers) in Pakistan and Bangladesh. |
| Zhuang | Tai–Kadai, Tai | 2.65 million Buyei (2000), 2.0 million Yongbei Zhuang (2007) |
— | 15 million all varieties (2001–2007). Not mutually intelligible. Ethnologue divides Zhuang into 16 languages. |
| Hmong | Hmong–Mien | 2.7 million | Not mutually intelligible with other Hmongic languages. Cited figures dependent on conception of "Hmong": 7.8 million (2006); ca. 4 million (Lemoine, 2005) | |
| Lingala | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 2.1 million | ≈ 9 million (1999) in DR Congo | L2 also in Congo-Brazzaville. Per Britannica (2005 Yearbook), > 36 million speak Lingala as lingua franca. |
| Yi (Nuosu) | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | 2 million | Not mutually intelligible with other Yi languages. Cited figures dependent on conception of "Yi": 4.2 million (2006), 7.8 million ethnic Yi (2000 census) | |
| Central Tibetan (Dbus / Ü) | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | 1.3 million (1990) | — | Not mutually intelligible with other Tibetan languages. Cited figures dependent on conception of "Tibetan". |
| Swahili | Niger–Congo, Bantu | 800 thousand (1994–2006) | 40 million (1991–2006) | ~5 million native, ~80 million second languageКалып:Citation needed |
[үзгәртү] Өстәмә телләр
- The following are languages which were not properly sourced for where they were included, or which have not yet been added
- Varhadi-Nagpuri Калып:Ethnolink 7.0
- Lambadi Калып:Ethnolink 6.0
- Mewati Калып:Ethnolink 5.0
- Mainfränkisch Калып:Ethnolink 4.9
- Domari Калып:Ethnolink 4.0
- Musi Калып:Ethnolink 3.9
- Mina Калып:Ethnolink 3.8
- Banjar Калып:Ethnolink 3.5
- Hassaniyya Калып:Ethnolink 3.1 [already counted under Arabic]
- Godwari Калып:Ethnolink 3.0
- Hunsrik Калып:Ethnolink 3.0
[үзгәртү] Шулай ук карагыз
- Дөнья халыклары
- Киң таралган телләр исемлеге
- Википедияләр исемлеге
- Халыкара тел
- Linguistic demography
- Linguistic Diversity Index
- Lists of endangered languages (for languages with the fewest numbers of speakers)
- List of ISO 639-3 codes
- Lists of languages
[үзгәртү] Искәрмәләр
- ↑ http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size
- ↑ Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (10 миллион кешедән күбрәк сөйләшкән телләр) Encarta энциклопедиясы мәгълүматлары буенча. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
- ↑ Өземтә китерү хатасы: Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокethnologue1не указан текст - ↑ http://www.plc.sas.upenn.edu/languages/twi.html
