Tel beleme: юрамалар арасында аерма

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Кертелгән

12 сен 2013, 13:45 юрамасы

Keşe tellären fänni öyränügä tel beleme dilär.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Şul eş belän şöğellänüçe keçe tel belgeçe bulıp atala.

Tel belemeneñ ezlänü eşe öç töp yünäleştä bara:

Zamandaş wä zamandaş bulmağan -- Synchronic study of a language is concerned with its form at a given moment; diachronic study covers the history of a language (group) and its structural changes over time.
Farazlı wä qullanulı -- Theoretical linguistics is concerned with frameworks for describing individual languages and theories about universal aspects of language; applied lingusitics applies these theories to other fields.
Bäyle wä bäysez -- Contextual linguistics is concerned with how language fits into the world: its social function, how it is acquired, how it is produced and perceived. Independent linguistics considers languages for their own sake, aside from the externalities related to a language. Terms for this dichotomy are not yet well established--the Encyclopædia Britannica uses macrolinguistics and microlinguistics instead.

Xalıqara Yañğırış Älifbası (International Phonetic Alphabet - IPA), keşe söyläşüen kürsätü ısulı.
SAMPA, IPA öçen ASCII nigezendä genä ğadílaştırılğan älifba.

↑ Linguistics (6th ed.). The MIT Press. 2010. ISBN 0-262-51370-6. http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/examrequest.asp?ttype=2&tid=12240. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
↑ . ISBN 0-262-51370-6.
↑ Martinet, André (1960). Elements of General Linguistics. Tr. Elisabeth Palmer (Studies in General Linguistics, vol. i.). London: Faber. p. 15.
↑ Halliday, Michael A. K.; Jonathan Webster (2006). On Language and Linguistics. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. vii. ISBN 0-8264-8824-2.
↑ Greenberg, Joseph (1948). «Linguistics and ethnology». Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 4: 140–47.

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