Төрки халыклар: юрамалар арасында аерма
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#REDIRECT [[Törki xalıqlar]] |
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'''Törki xalıqlar''' ul [[Törki tele]]ndä söyläşä torğan küp xalıqlar berläşterä torğan atama. Törkilärneñ tulayım sanı 250 millionnan artıq. |
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== Atamalar == |
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"Türek" atamasınıñ berençe iskä alu [[6. yöz]]neñ [[Küktürklär]] turında buldı. Qıtay ilbaşı [[585]]. yılda [[İsbara]] isemle Küktürk xanına xat yazğanda, tegesen «Böyek Türk xanı» dip atí. Şul çordağı [[Orxon yazmaları]]nda da «Türük/Török» ataması qullanıla. |
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<!--Previous use of similar terms, like those in a tablet from [[21st century BCE|2000 BCE]] found in the ancient city of Mari near Tell Hariri in northern Iraq (which mentions that a people named "Turukku" are coming to the lands of Tiguranim and Hirbazanim), the Chinese in [[1320s BCE|1328 BCE]] (referring to a neighbouring people as "Tu-Kiu"), or the [[Bible|Biblical]] name "Turk" of one of the grandsons of [[Noah]], are of unknown significance, although some feel strongly that this is early evidence of the historical continuency of the term and the people as an ethnic (and possibly linguistic) unit.--> |
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Bügenge Törkiädä «Türk» atamasınıñ mäğnäsen yışraq “köçle” wä “qüätle” itep açıqlílar. |
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Böten dönyada «Törki» süzen mädäniäte, tele, milläte, taríxı belän yaqın bulğan xalıqlarnı ataw öçen qullanalar. «Törki» süze urınına «Törki-Tatar» adı da kiñ qullanıla. |
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Törki xalıqlarnı öyränü fäne «''Türkologí''» dip atala. |
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== Taríx == |
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It is believed that the Turkic people are natives of Central Asia. Some historians claim that the Turks originated in Western Asia, and migrated in prehistoric times to Central Asia, while others believe that migration to Western Asia and interactions in various parts of the world by Turkic peoples in ancient times (before the advent of the [[Huns]]) occurred via Central Asia. |
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Some also claim that comparisons to the ancient [[Sumerian language]] (which some label as [[Ural-Altaic languages|Ural-Altaic]]) to modern Turkic languages show common vocabulary. Based on these comparisons is then the claim that the Sumerians are the most ancient documented Turks, that they originated from east of the [[Caspian Sea]] but established a civilization in [[Mesopotamia]]. Others dismiss this as an expression of pan-Turkist ideology, pointing out that most linguists consider Sumerian a [[language isolate]]. Further the classification of languages into an Ural-Altaic group is often criticised, due to perceived lack of evidence and perceived lack of obvious similarties between languages classified as such. |
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Some scholars will also consider the [[Huns]], whose origins go back to [[1200s BCE|1200 BCE]], as one of the earlier Turkic tribes. |
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Leaving these controversies aside, the precise date of the initial expansion from the early homeland remains unknown. The first state known as "Turk" giving its name to the many states and people afterwards, was that of the [[Gokturks]] (''gog'' = 'blue' or 'celestial') in the [[6th century]] AD. |
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Later Turkic peoples include the [[Karluks]] (mainly 8th century), [[Uighurs]], [[Kirghiz]], [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]] (or Ğuz) Turks, and [[Turkmen|Turkmens]]. As these peoples were founding states in the area between [[Mongolia]] and [[Transoxiana]], they came into contact with the Muslim people and gradually adopted [[Islam]]. However, there were also (and still are) Turkic people belonging to different religions, including [[Christianity|Christians]], [[Jews]] (see [[Khazars]]), [[Buddhists]], and [[Zoroastrian|Zoroastrians]]. |
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Turkic soldiers in the army of the [[Abbasids|Abbasid]] [[Caliphate|caliphs]] emerged as ''de facto'' rulers of most of the Muslim Middle East (except [[Syria]] and [[Egypt]]), particularly after the 10th century. [[Oghuz]] and other tribes captured and dominated various countries under the leadership of the [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk dynasty]] and eventually captured the territories of the Abbasid dynasty and the [[Byzantine Empire]]. |
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Meanwhile, Kirghiz and Uighurs were struggling with each other and with the mighty Chinese Empire. Kirghiz people finally settled in the region that is now referred to as Kyrgyzstan. [[Tatar peoples|Tatar]] peoples conquered [[Volga Bulgars]] in what is today southern Russia following the westward sweep of the Mongols under [[Genghis Khan]] in the 13th century. Bulgars was named ''tatars'' by Russians mistakenly. Native Tatars lives only in Asia, European tatars are in fact Bulgars. (Bulgars came to Europe in 7-8th century). Everywhere, Turkic groups mixed to some extent with other local populations. |
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As the Seljuks declined after the Mongol invasion, the [[Ottoman Empire]] emerged as a new important Turkic state which came to dominate not only the Middle East, but also southeastern Europe and parts of southwestern Russia and northern Africa. Meanwhile, other Turkic groups founded dynasties in Iran (like the [[Safavids]]) and northern [[India]] (the [[Mughal Empire]]). |
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The Ottoman Empire grew weaker in the face of repeated wars with Russia and Austria and the emergence of nationalist movements in the Balkans, and finally gave way after [[World War I]] to the present-day republic of [[Turkey]]. |
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== Yäşäw cirläre wä milli büleneş == |
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Bügenge köndä Törki xalıqlarnıñ iñ zur törkeme [[Törkiä]]dä yäşi. Başqa olı Törki xalıqlar [[Äzerbaycan]], [[Kipır]], [[İdel-Ural]], [[İran]], [[Qazaqstan]], [[Qırğızstan]], [[Törekmänstan]], wä [[Özbekistan]] cirlärendä yäşilär. Bu [[Törki däwlätlär|Törki däwlätlärdän]] tış Törki xalıqlar [[Çığış Törkistan]], Tönyaq [[Ğíraq]], [[Äfğänstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Balkannar]] ([[Bulgaria]]) illärendä dä yäşilär. |
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Törki xalıqlar öyränü buyınça tanılğan ğälim [[Wilhelm Radloff]] [[1866]]. yılda bolay yaza: ''Tönyaq Afrikadan başlap Awrupılı Törkiägä tikle, Könyaq-Çığış Räsäydän başlap Keçe Asía ilä Turan, annarı Seber aşa Gobi çülenä tikle cirlärendä Törki telendä söyläşä torğan ıruğlar yäşilär. Bu dönyanıñ şul tikle kiñ cäyelgän alanda qullanıla torğan Törki tele belän çağıştırmalı başqa tel yuq'' (Çığanaq: ''Törki Mädäniät Näzäräte''). |
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Dönyada Törki xalıqlar küp. Alar arasında: |
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* [[Äzerilär]] |
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* [[Balqarlar]] |
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* [[Başqortlar]] |
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* [[Çuaşlar]] |
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* [[Qırım Tatarları]] |
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* [[Ğağauzlar]] |
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* [[Qaraçaylar]] |
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* [[Qaraqalpaqlar]] |
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* [[Qazaqlar]] |
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* [[Qırğızlar]] |
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* [[Qumıqlar]] |
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* [[Qaşğaylar]] |
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* [[Noğaylar]] |
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* [[Özbäklär]] |
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* [[Tatarlar]] |
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* [[Töreklär]] |
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* [[Törekmännär]] |
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* [[Tualar]] |
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* [[Uyğurlar]] |
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* [[Yaqutlar]] |
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Qayber belgeçlär Törki xalıqlarnı altı törkemgä bülä: |
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* [[Oğuz]] |
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* [[Qıpçaq]] |
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* [[Qarluq]] |
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* [[Seber]] |
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* [[Çuaş]] |
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* [[Yaqut]] |
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[[19. yöz]] azağınnan başlap [[20. yöz]] buyı [[Urıs]]lar wä [[Stalin]] xalıqlarnı bülü/butaw/sörü säyäsäten uzdırğan, monıñ näticäse bularaq Törki xalıqlarnıñ, alarnıñ söylämnäreneñ şaqtí ayırılu başlaw, bu närsä Törki xalıqlarğa açıq küzätü yasaw qatlawlı itä. |
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[[19. yöz]]dä zamança säyäsät çorı başlanğaç, Törki xalıqlarda berläşü maqsatın quya torğan [[Pan-Türkism]] atlı xäräkät barlıqqa kilä, «''Törki''» atamasın qullanırğa täqdim itelä. |
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== Tışqı küreneş == |
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Törki xalıqlar tışqı küreneş belän ber bersennän şaqtí ayırılalar. Zur öleşeneñ qiäfäte [[Qawqaz xalıqları]]nıñ kük, yäğni körän/qara çäç belän körän küzlelär. Şayqtí öleşe sorı/qızıq çäşle zäñgär küzle. Qayber cirlärdä yäşägän Törkilär açıq tösle tän/küz belän bulıp, Moğol töçençelärene dä yörtälär, mäsälän [[Özbäklär]] berlän [[Tatarlar]]. Törki xalıqlarınıñ kübese kiñ yañaqlı, tügäräk başlı wä turı çäçle. |
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Törki xalıqlarnı nindi rasığa sanísı da zur bäxäslärne çığara. |
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<!--There has been much debate about the [[race|racial]] origin of Turkic people, with some assuming a Ural-Altaic race comprising of [[Hungarian]]s, [[Finn]]s, [[Estonian]]s, Turkic peoples, [[Mongolian]]s and [[Tungu]]s, others assuming a separate Turkic race, partially mixed with Mongols. Others again point out that many languages have commonly been adopted either by choice or by force by racially diverse people. The current common understanding is to assume at least a partial separation of linguistic and racial heritage, based on the multitude of invasions, wars, empires, population movements in the region and the general disrepute all racial origin theories have fallen in recent times.--> |
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== Din == |
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Törki xalıqlarnıñ kübese [[Söni]] [[Möselman]]nar. Ämma [[İran]]da wä [[Äzerbaycan]]da Törkilärneñ kübese Şiä Möselmannarı. |
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[[Çuaş xalqı|Çuaş]], [[Ğağauz]] wä [[Yaqut xalqı]] Xristian dip sanala. |
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Şulay uq Şamanízm, Buddízm, Baha wä Yähüd dine tarafdarları da beraz bar. |
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== Monı da qara == |
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* [[Turançılıq]] |
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* [[Törki däwlätlär]] |
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* [[Törki tele]] |
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== Päräwezdä == |
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* [http://turkhaber.org/ «Türk Haber» – Bar Törkilär turında xäbärlär] |
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* [http://turkicworld.org/ «Türkic World»] – İnclizçä |
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[[{{ns:Category}}:Törkilär|*]] |
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[[az:Türk xalqları]] |
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[[ba:Төрки телле халыҡтар]] |
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[[bg:Тюркски народи]] |
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[[bs:Turski narodi]] |
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[[cs:Turkické národy]] |
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[[cv:Турккăсем]] |
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[[de:Turkvölker]] |
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[[el:Τουρκικά φύλα]] |
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[[en:Turkic peoples]] |
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[[eo:Tjurkaj popoloj]] |
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[[es:Pueblos túrquicos]] |
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[[fa:ترک]] |
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[[fi:Turkkilaiset kansat]] |
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[[fr:Peuples turcs]] |
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[[he:עמים טורקיים]] |
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[[hi:तुर्क लोग]] |
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[[hr:Turski narodi]] |
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[[id:Bangsa Turkik]] |
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[[it:Turchi]] |
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[[ja:テュルク]] |
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[[ka:თურქულენოვანი ხალხები]] |
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[[ko:투르크족]] |
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[[lt:Tiurkai]] |
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[[lv:Tjurki]] |
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[[mk:Турски народи]] |
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[[nl:Turkse volkeren]] |
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[[no:Tyrkere]] |
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[[pl:Ludy tureckie]] |
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[[pt:Povos turcos]] |
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[[ro:Popor turcic]] |
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[[ru:Тюрки]] |
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[[sk:Turkické národy]] |
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[[sr:Турски народи]] |
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[[sv:Turkfolk]] |
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[[tr:Türk halkları]] |
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[[ug:تۈرك]] |
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[[uk:Тюрки]] |
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[[uz:Turkiy xalqlar]] |
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[[vi:Các dân tộc Turk]] |
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[[zh:突厥]] |
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7 май 2009, 14:38 юрамасы
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