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кТөзәтмә аңлатмасы юк |
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[[File:Molnár Ábrahám kiköltözése 1850.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ибраһим]] патриархы ([[József Molnár]] рәсеме)]] |
[[File:Molnár Ábrahám kiköltözése 1850.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ибраһим пәйгамбәр|Ибраһим]] патриархы ([[József Molnár]] рәсеме)]] |
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* '''[[Abrahamic religions]]''' are [[monotheistic]] religions which believe they descend from [[Abraham]]. |
* '''[[Abrahamic religions]]''' are [[monotheistic]] religions which believe they descend from [[Abraham]]. |
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Recent interfaith initiatives include "A Common Word", launched in 2007 and focused on bringing Muslim and Christian leaders together,<ref>[http://acommonword.com/ A Common Word]</ref> the "C1 World Dialogue",<ref>[http://www.c1worlddialogue.com/ C1 World Dialogue]</ref> the "Common Ground" initiative between Islam and Buddhism,<ref>[http://islambuddhism.com/ Islam and Buddhism Common Ground]</ref> and a [[United Nations]] sponsored "World Interfaith Harmony Week".<ref>[http://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/ World Interfaith Harmony Week]</ref><ref>[http://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/world-interfaith-harmony-week-resolution/ UN resolution]</ref> |
Recent interfaith initiatives include "A Common Word", launched in 2007 and focused on bringing Muslim and Christian leaders together,<ref>[http://acommonword.com/ A Common Word]</ref> the "C1 World Dialogue",<ref>[http://www.c1worlddialogue.com/ C1 World Dialogue]</ref> the "Common Ground" initiative between Islam and Buddhism,<ref>[http://islambuddhism.com/ Islam and Buddhism Common Ground]</ref> and a [[United Nations]] sponsored "World Interfaith Harmony Week".<ref>[http://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/ World Interfaith Harmony Week]</ref><ref>[http://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/world-interfaith-harmony-week-resolution/ UN resolution]</ref> |
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===Дөньявилык һәм динсезлек=== |
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{{Main|Дөньявилык|Динсезлек}} |
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{{See also|Дин тәнкыйте|Атеизм|Агностицизм|Анти-дин}} |
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{{See also|Criticism of religion|Atheism|Agnosticism|Antireligion}} |
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The terms "[[atheist]]" (lack of belief in any gods) and "agnostic" (belief in the unknowability of the existence of gods), though specifically contrary to theistic (e.g. Christian, Jewish, and Muslim) religious teachings, do not by definition mean the opposite of "religious". There are religions (including Buddhism and Taoism), in fact, that classify some of their followers as agnostic, atheistic, or [[nontheism|nontheistic]]. The true opposite of "religious" is the word "irreligious". [[Irreligion]] describes an absence of any religion; [[antireligion]] describes an active opposition or aversion toward religions in general. |
The terms "[[atheist]]" (lack of belief in any gods) and "agnostic" (belief in the unknowability of the existence of gods), though specifically contrary to theistic (e.g. Christian, Jewish, and Muslim) religious teachings, do not by definition mean the opposite of "religious". There are religions (including Buddhism and Taoism), in fact, that classify some of their followers as agnostic, atheistic, or [[nontheism|nontheistic]]. The true opposite of "religious" is the word "irreligious". [[Irreligion]] describes an absence of any religion; [[antireligion]] describes an active opposition or aversion toward religions in general. |
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==Бәйле фикер формалары== |
==Бәйле фикер формалары== |
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===Дин һәм |
===Дин һәм хорафат=== |
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{{See|Хорафат|Ырымчыл фикерләү|Ырым һәм дин}} |
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{{See|Superstition|Magical thinking|Magic and religion}} |
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Superstition has been described as "the incorrect establishment of cause and effect" or a false conception of causation.<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~kfoster/FosterKokko2008%20Proc%20B%20superstition.pdf Kevin R. Foster and Hanna Kokko, "The evolution of superstitious and superstition-like behaviour", ''Proc. R. Soc. B'' (2009) 276, 31–37]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> Religion is more complex and includes social institutions and morality. But religions may include superstitions or make use of magical thinking. Adherents of one religion sometimes think of other religions as superstition.<ref>{{Cite book |
Superstition has been described as "the incorrect establishment of cause and effect" or a false conception of causation.<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~kfoster/FosterKokko2008%20Proc%20B%20superstition.pdf Kevin R. Foster and Hanna Kokko, "The evolution of superstitious and superstition-like behaviour", ''Proc. R. Soc. B'' (2009) 276, 31–37]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> Religion is more complex and includes social institutions and morality. But religions may include superstitions or make use of magical thinking. Adherents of one religion sometimes think of other religions as superstition.<ref>{{Cite book |
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|title=[[Religion Explained]] |
|title=[[Religion Explained]] |
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==Дин һәм сәламәтлек== |
==Дин һәм сәламәтлек== |
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{{Main|Диннең сәламәтлеккә йогынтысы}} |
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{{Main|Impacts of religion on health}} |
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<!--[[Mayo Clinic]] researchers examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality, and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. The authors reported that: "Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide."<ref name="Religion and Medicine">{{Cite web|title=Religious Involvement, Spirituality, and Medicine: Implications for Clinical Practice|url=http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf|quote=We reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. We also reviewed articles that provided suggestions on how clinicians might assess and support the spiritual needs of patients. Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide|author=Paul S. Mueller, MD; David J. Plevak, MD; Teresa A. Rummans, MD|accessdate=13 November 2010}}</ref> |
<!--[[Mayo Clinic]] researchers examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality, and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. The authors reported that: "Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide."<ref name="Religion and Medicine">{{Cite web|title=Religious Involvement, Spirituality, and Medicine: Implications for Clinical Practice|url=http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/76/12/1225.full.pdf|quote=We reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. We also reviewed articles that provided suggestions on how clinicians might assess and support the spiritual needs of patients. Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide|author=Paul S. Mueller, MD; David J. Plevak, MD; Teresa A. Rummans, MD|accessdate=13 November 2010}}</ref> |
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==Дин һәм золым== |
==Дин һәм золым== |
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{{main|Дини золым}} |
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{{See also|Христианлык һәм золым|Яһүди дине һәм золым|Ислам һәм золым}} |
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{{See also|Christianity and violence|Judaism and violence|Islam and violence}} |
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[[Image:SiegeofAntioch.jpeg|thumb|The [[Crusades]] were a series of a military campaigns fought mainly between [[Christian]] [[Europe]] and [[Muslim]]s. Shown here is a battle scene from the [[First Crusade]]. They were inspired at the ''jihad'' of the Islam civilization. ]] |
[[Image:SiegeofAntioch.jpeg|thumb|The [[Crusades]] were a series of a military campaigns fought mainly between [[Christian]] [[Europe]] and [[Muslim]]s. Shown here is a battle scene from the [[First Crusade]]. They were inspired at the ''jihad'' of the Islam civilization. ]] |
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==Дин һәм фән== |
==Дин һәм фән== |
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<!--{{Main|Дин һәм фән мөнәсәбәтләре|Эпистемиология}} |
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<!--{{Main|Relationship between religion and science|Epistemology}} |
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Religious knowledge, according to religious practitioners, may be gained from religious leaders, [[sacred texts]], [[scriptures]], or personal [[revelation]]. Some religions view such knowledge as unlimited in scope and suitable to answer any question; others see religious knowledge as playing a more restricted role, often as a complement to knowledge gained through physical observation. Adherents to various religious faiths often maintain that religious knowledge obtained via sacred texts or revelation is absolute and infallible and thereby creates an accompanying [[religious cosmology]], although the proof for such is often [[tautology (rhetoric)|tautological]] and generally limited to the religious texts and revelations that form the foundation of their belief. |
Religious knowledge, according to religious practitioners, may be gained from religious leaders, [[sacred texts]], [[scriptures]], or personal [[revelation]]. Some religions view such knowledge as unlimited in scope and suitable to answer any question; others see religious knowledge as playing a more restricted role, often as a complement to knowledge gained through physical observation. Adherents to various religious faiths often maintain that religious knowledge obtained via sacred texts or revelation is absolute and infallible and thereby creates an accompanying [[religious cosmology]], although the proof for such is often [[tautology (rhetoric)|tautological]] and generally limited to the religious texts and revelations that form the foundation of their belief. |
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==Шулай ук карагыз== |
==Шулай ук карагыз== |
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{{Portal box|Дин|Рухият}} |
{{Portal box|Дин|Рухият}} |
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{{Main|Дин |
{{Main|Дин төзелешенең аңлатуы}} |
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* [[Ышаныч]] |
* [[Ышаныч]] |
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* [[Иман]] |
* [[Иман]] |
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* [[Итагатьлелек]] |
* [[Итагатьлелек]] |
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* [[Тормыштагы позиция]] |
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* [[Life stance]] |
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* [[Кешеләрнең дини популяцияләре исемлеге]] |
* [[Кешеләрнең дини популяцияләре исемлеге]] |
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* [[Дини текстлар исемлеге]] |
* [[Дини текстлар исемлеге]] |
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16 июн 2012, 13:55 юрамасы
1 рәт: Христианлык, Яһүдилек, Һинд дине
2 рәт: Ислам, Буддизм, Шинто
3 рәт: Сикх дине, Баха-и дине, Джайнизм
Дин (гарәп. دين (дин) сүзеннән) — ышануга нигезләнгән дөньяны күзаллауның бер төре. Еш кына дин үзе белән төрле әхлаки кагыйдәләр системасын да үз эченә ала (шарт түгел).
Этимология
Чыгышы
Дини хәрәкәтләр
Христианлык, Ислам, Буддизм һәм Һинд дине бүгенге көндә 5-7 миллиард кешене үзенә алган дип саналучы төп дүрт дини төркем.
| Дүрт төп дин | Тотучылар | Дөнья халкының % | МәкаләКалып:Circular-ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Дөнья халык саны | 6.99 billion[1] | Figures taken from individual articles: | |
| Христианлык | 2,1-2,2 миллиард | 33% – 34% | Христианлыкның илләр буенча таралышы |
| Ислам | 1,5-1,5 миллиард[2] | 22% – 23% | Мөселман халык саны буенча илләр исемлеге |
| Буддизм | 0,5-1,9 миллиард[3] | 7% – 29%[3] | Буддизмның илләр буенча таралышы |
| Һинд дине | 1,0 – 1,1 billion | 15,2% – 16,2% | Һинд диненең илләр буенча таралышы |
| Тулаем | 5,1 – 6,8 миллиард[3] | 77% – 99%[3] | |
}}: '[..] many gods and goddesses (traditionally 330 million!) [...] Hinduism generally regards its 330 million as deities as extensions of one ultimate reality, many names for one ocean, many "masks" for one God.'</ref>]] -->
Дин төрләре
Диндәге мәсьәләләр
Дин-ара хезмәттәшлек
Дөньявилык һәм динсезлек
Бәйле фикер формалары
Дин һәм хорафат
Миф
Дин һәм сәламәтлек
Дин һәм золым
Дин һәм канун
Дин һәм фән
Дин һәм эволюция теориясе
Дин Христиан концепциясе буларак
Җәмгыяви конструкционистлар
Башка язучылар
Тәнкыть
Шулай ук карагыз
- Ышаныч
- Дин икътисады
- Иман
- Итагатьлелек
- Тормыштагы позиция
- Кешеләрнең дини популяцияләре исемлеге
- Дини текстлар исемлеге
- Әхлак һәм дин
- Теист булмаган диннәр
- Дин фәлсәфәсе
- Дога
- Дини хезмәткәр
- Дин һәм бизнес
- Дин һәм шатлык
- Дин һәм тынычлыкны үстерү
- Илләр буенча диннәр таралышы
- Динне алмаштыру
- Дин социологиясе
- Гыйбадәтханә
- Теократия
- Диннең вакыт сызыгы
- Дин һәм байлык
- Дөньяга караш
Искәрмәләр
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau - World POPClock Projection.
- ↑ Mapping the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Югары саны үзенә синкретизмны алу белән бирелә.
Әдәбият
- Saint Augustine; The Confessions of Saint Augustine (John K. Ryan translator); Image (1960), ISBN 0-385-02955-1.
- Descartes, René; Meditations on First Philosophy; Bobbs-Merril (1960), ISBN 0-672-60191-5.
- Barzilai, Gad; Law and Religion; The International Library of Essays in Law and Society; Ashgate (2007),ISBN 978-0-7546-2494-3
- Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); Our Oriental Heritage; MJF Books (1997), ISBN 1-56731-012-5.
- Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); Caesar and Christ; MJF Books (1994), ISBN 1-56731-014-1
- Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); The Age of Faith; Simon & Schuster (1980), ISBN 0-671-01200-2.
- Marija Gimbutas 1989. The Language of the Goddess. Thames and Hudson New York
- Gonick, Larry; The Cartoon History of the Universe; Doubleday, vol. 1 (1978) ISBN 0-385-26520-4, vol. II (1994) ISBN#0-385-42093-5, W. W. Norton, vol. III (2002) ISBN 0-393-05184-6.
- Haisch, Bernard The God Theory: Universes, Zero-point Fields, and What's Behind It All -- discussion of science vs. religion (PrefaceКалып:Dead link), Red Wheel/Weiser, 2006, ISBN 1-57863-374-5
- Lao Tzu; Tao Te Ching (Victor H. Mair translator); Bantam (1998).
- Marx, Karl; "Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right", Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, (1844).
- Saler, Benson; "Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories" (1990), ISBN 1-57181-219-9
- The Holy Bible, King James Version; New American Library (1974).
- The Koran; Penguin (2000), ISBN 0-14-044558-7.
- The Origin of Live & Death, African Creation Myths; Heinemann (1966).
- Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia; Penguin (1971).
- The World Almanac (annual), World Almanac Books, ISBN 0-88687-964-7.
- The Serotonin System and Spiritual Experiences - American Journal of Psychiatry 160:1965-1969, November 2003.
- United States Constitution
- Selected Work Marcus Tullius Cicero
- The World Almanac (for numbers of adherents of various religions), 2005
- Religion [First Edition]. Winston King. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 11. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. p7692-7701.
- World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective by Andrey Korotayev, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004, ISBN 0-7734-6310-0.
- Brodd, Jefferey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. .
On religion definition:
- The first major study: Durkheim, Emile (1976) The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: George Allen & Unwin (in French 1912, English translation 1915).
- Wilfred Cantwell Smith The Meaning and End of Religion (1962) notes that the concept of religion as an ideological community and system of doctrines, developed in the 15th and 16th centuries CE.
- A distillation of the Western folk category of religion: Geertz, Clifford. 1993 [1966]. Religion as a cultural system. pp. 87–125 in Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. London: Fontana Press.
- An operational definition: Wallace, Anthony F. C. 1966. Religion: An Anthropological View. New York: Random House. (p. 62-66)
- A recent overview: A Scientific Definition of Religion. By Ph.D. James W. Dow.
- Origines de l'homme - De la matière à la conscience, Yves Coppens, De Vive Voix, Paris, 2010
- La preistoria dell’uomo, Yves Coppens, Jaka Book, Milano, 2011
Studies of religion in particular geographical areas:
- A. Khanbaghi. The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran (IB Tauris; 2006) 268 pages. Social, political and cultural history of religious minorities in Iran, c. 226-1722 AD.
Сылтамалар
- Religion Statistics from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Дин DMOZ каталогында
- Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents by Adherents.com August 2005
- IACSR - International Association for the Cognitive Science of Religion
- Studying Religion - Introduction to the methods and scholars of the academic study of religion
- A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right - Marx's original reference to religion as the opium of the people.
- The Complexity of Religion and the Definition of “Religion” in International Law Harvard Human Rights Journal article from the President and Fellows of Harvard College(2003)
- The Big Religion Chart detailed facts on major religions
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